first of all I would like to compare english languages with
turkish languages:
Word formation is different from turkish language in English language. In Turkish verb is last word of a sentence and it includes subject.
Turkish: English:
ben ingilizce çalışırım I study English
özne nesne
yüklem
subject verb object
1-1 the verb be:
Sözcükleri bir araya getirerek cümle kuramayız. Cümle Kurabilmemiz için mutlaka bir fiile ihtiyacımız vardır. Be fiili 'come,go,want,sit' vb. gibi asıl fiilimiz olmadığı zaman cümle kurmamızı sağlar. Be fiilinin şimdiki zaman ve geniş zaman biçimi aynıdır ve bu tense'lerle 'am,is,are' şeklinde kullanılır.
Singular Subject Pronouns Plural Subject Pronouns
I am we are
you are you are
he/she/it is they are
I am usually go to cinema after school. (general)
I am nervous now, because I m taking an exam in half and an hour. (present)
a) Be fiilini asıl fiil olarak kullanabileceğimiz başlıca 3 kalıp vardır.
a) be+noun b) be+adjective c) be+prepositional phrase
I m a Student He is tall They are at home
he is a polish they are clever Pawel is from poland
They are teachers it is very hot today She is at the bus-stop
b) Be yardımcı fiil olarak sürerlilik bildiren tense'lerle de kullanılır.
I am writing now
she is reading a book
they are watching a movie
The Present continuos Tense
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I m writing now I m not writing now Am I writing now?
you are reading a book you are not a reading a book are you reading a book?
NOT: Olumsuz soruyu iki şekilde sorabilirsiniz
Am I not trying to help you? Aren't you trying to help?
Are you not helping your mother? Aren't you helping your mother?
The Simple Present Tense
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I get up early I dont get up early Do I get up early?
he studies hard he doesnt study hard does he study hard?
it stands in the corner it doesn't stand in the corner does it stand in the corner?
Not: Üçüncü tekil şahış için(he,she,it) fiil, olumlu -s takısı alır.
he reads a lot
she doesn't buy a newspaper regularly
does she come here everyday?
Frequency Adverbs( Sıklık Bildiren zaman zarfları)
always.................................................... all the time(hep, her zaman)
often.......................................................frequently (sık sık)
usually.....................................................(genellikle)
sometimes/occasionaly..........................from time to time (bazen,ara sıra)
rarely......................................................(nadiren)
never......................................................(hiç bir zaman,asla)
I sometimes go to school
I usually visit my parents
I never go to cinema
I m always playing football
you are rarely come here
NOTE: 'What do you do?' sorusu kişinin neyle uğraştığını,işini sorar. Yani what is your job/occupation? sorusuyla aynı anlamı taşır.
what do you do?
-I m a teacher
'What do you do' sorusunu bir zaman zarfıyla kullanırsak sözü edilen zamanda ne yaparsın anlamına gelir
-What do you do at the weekends?
-I usually meet with friends
Vocabulary
nonprogressive Progressive
think: Sanmak, zannetmek think:düşünmek
I Think she is a student I m thinking about going abroad next year.
see:görmek see: görüşmek
I see lots of people in the street doctor is seeing the applicant now
smell:kokmak Smell: koklamak
this parfume smells very nice mother is smelling the flowers.
taste:(bir nesnenin tadından bahsediyorsak) taste:tadına bakmak
this soup tastes awful. the judges are tasting my dish right now.
feel:sezinlemek,ummak feel: hissetmek
I feel something will happen I feel better now
look: gibi görünmek look:bakmak
you look ill why are you looking out of the window?
appear: gibi görünmek appear:ortaya çıkmak
the teacher appears to be in a bad mood today. the comedian is appearing nightly.
weigh: bir nesnenin ağırlığını söylerken weigh: tartmak
the baby weighs six kilograms the butcher is weighing the meat now
be: genel bir durum ifade ederken am,is,are be:konuşma anındaki değişim am,is,are+being
you are very rude (çok kabasın) you are being rude.(kabalaşıyorsun)
have:sahiplik bildiriyorsa have:eylem bildiriyorsa
I dont have much money she is having breakfast now
I have got two children
have-have got (sahiplik bilriyorsa ikiside aynı anlamda kullanılır
this is a video which is about simple present and present continuos tense
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
FORM
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I studied english I didn't study english Did I study English?
You worked hard You didn't work hard did you work hard?
Olumlu cümlelerde fillerin 2. yeni past tense hali kullanılır(live-lived,work-worked... gibi) olsumsuz cümle ve soru da ise fiillerin yalın hali kullanılır.
I lived in izmir
she didnt study hard enough to pass the exam
did you stay home yesterday ?
NOT: kısa cevapta did ve didn't kullanılır
-did you go to cinema last week?
-yes, I did OR no I didnt
a) düzenli fiillerin past biçimi, fiiln yalın haline -ed eklenerek elde edilir.
want-wanted stay-stayed shave-shaved
b)be fiilinin past biçimi 'was,were' şeklindedir.
I lived a village when I was a child
we weren't at home last night.
and this is video which is about simple past tense
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